Indicating instrument



Nov. 11, 1941. P, K LLS AN 2,262,008

' INDICAIING INSTRUMENT Original Filed Match 30, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 11, 1941. P. KOLLSMAN INDICATING INSTRUMENT 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed March 50, 1939 Nov. 11, 1941.

Original Filed March 30, 1939 P. KOLLSMAN INDICATING INSTRUMENT 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 P. KOLLSMAN INDICATING INSTRUMENT Nov. 11-, 1941.

Original Filed March 50, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Nov. 11, 1941 mmoa'rmo INSTRUMENT Paul Kolisman, Greenwich, Conn., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Square D. Company, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Original application March so, 1939, Serial No.

Divided and this application October 17, 1940, Serial No. 361,574

6 Claims. 01. 116-129) This invention relates to indicating instruments, more particularly to instruments having indicating means for indicating maximum as well as instant values.

This application is a division of my co-pending application Serial No. 264,926, filed March 30, 1939. g

It is an object of this invention to provide an indicating instrument having an instant and a maximum pointer in which the position ofthe maximum pointer will not be disturbed by the instant pointer even if the maximum pointer is advanced 360 or more beyond the position of the instant pointer.

More particularly, it is an object of this in-. vention to provide an indicating instrument with a maximum pointer in which the maximum pointer is capable of making two complete revolutions with respect to the instant pointer.

It is a further object of the invention to provide an indicating instrument having a maximum pointer so constructed that even under strong vibrations the position of the maximum pointer will not be disturbed.

Further aims, objects and advantages of this invention will appear from a consideration of the accompanying drawings showing for purely illustrative purposes an accelerometeras an embodiment of this invention. It is to be understood that the description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, the scope of this invention being defined in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. l is a side elevation with thecasing shown in section;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the face of the instrument after it has made a recording;

Fig. 3 is" plan section 'bn' line 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig. is a fragmentary plan section on line 4-4 of s.-'-L;

Fig. 5 is "a section on line 5-5 of Fig. 1 looking toward the faceof the-instrument;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary section on line fi6 of Fig. 2;

Fig. '7 is an enlarged fragmentary section on line i-l' of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view' illustrating certain parts of the instrument in normal or zero position when the instrument is at rest;

Fig. 8a is a fragmentary view of the position of a hair spring about one of the pointer shafts when the instrument is in normal or zero position corresponding to Fig. 8;

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view showing the pointers or hands at the instant of maximum nor- 55 mal reading of the instrument when both hands have moved around to the maximum range of the instrument in normal use;

Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view showing the instrument brought to rest after an accelerated movement leaving the maximum reading pointer in position;

Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view showing the pointers in the position they assume under abnor-. mal shock conditionsf Fig. 11:: is a fragmentary view of the hair spring shown in Fig. 8a but corresponding to the position of the pointers shown in Fig. 11;

Fig. 12 isa diagrammatic view showing the. momentary reading pointer returned to zero position leaving the maximum reading pointer in the position shown in Fig. 11; and

Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic view for further facilitating description.

In the following description and in the claims, parts will be identified by specific names for convenience, butthey are intended to be as generic in their application to similar parts as the art will permit.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, a practical commercial embodiment of the invention is shown, but as such illustration is primarily for purposes of disclosure, it will be understood that the structure may be modified in various respects without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter defined and claimed.

Referring now to the drawings, in which like reference characters denote like parts in the several figures, the instrument,. shown for purposes of illustration, comprises a housing it in which is mounted a frame H aiiording support for the operating parts.

The frame, which may be of cast metal, 'comprises a face wall 2, a pair of standards 13 and it and a rear wall l5 which may bein the shape of an open ring. Extending from the rear wall are a plurality of lugs 56, I1, and It. The 'hous- I ing or casing it of generally cup shape form, which may be of metal, a phenol condensation product, or other suitable material, comprises a cylindrical side wall portion IS, a rear wall 20 and an open end which may be enclosed with a transparent disc H which may be of glass or other desirable transparent material. The glass disc v2| may abut a ring 22 and be removably held in place by a split clamping ring 23.' Shoulders 21 extending from the housing provide means for conveniently securing the instrument to the mom able body, the acceleration of which is to be measured.

The frame I I may be rigidly held in the housing by means of screws 24 extending through the rearwall 20 into-the lugs I5, I! and I8 of the frame. Secured by means of screws 25a to the'face end l2 of the frame H is a dial 25. The dial is provided with a graduated scale 25 which maybe in 9 units or other suitable graduations.

Mounted in the frame are a pair of substantially symmetrical lever systems. A weighted lever comprising a weight 30 and an arm 3i is fixedly mounted at its opposite end 32 to an arbor 33. Arbor 33 may be pivotally mounted and, as shown, journals 34 and 35 at the opposite ends of the arbor may be journaled in suitable bearings 35 and 31 mounted in the face and rear walls respectively of the frame A set screw i25 nagy be provided for adjustment of the bear- Fixedly mounted on the arbor 33 is an outwardly extending arm 38 adapted to provide a pivot connection with a spring holder 39. The arm 38 is adapted to fit in the bifurcated end 40 of the spring holder and a pivot pin 4| extends through openings in the bifurcated end 45 and the arm 38 to provide the pivot connection just mentioned.

A helical retention spring 42 is fixed at one end to the spring holder 39 and at the other to an adjustably secured spring holder 43. The spring holder 43 may be provided with a threaded portion 44 extending into a female threaded opening 45 in the frame Consequently, the

. pull or restraining force of the spring 42 may be varied and adjusted. A set screw 45 may be provided for maintaining the spring holder," in

I adjusted position.

Also fixedly mounted to arbor 33 is a gear segment 41 secured at its axis 45 to the arbor 33. This gear segment intermeshes with a corresponding gear segment fixed to the other lever system.

The other lever system likewise comprises a weighted lever having a weight 55 and an arm It is fixed at its opposite end 52 to an arbor 53. Arbor 53 may be mounted in similar fashion as arbor 33. As shown, journals 54 and 55 at its opposite ends may be journaled in bearings 55 and 51 mounted in the face wall l2 and rear wall l5 respectively of the frame A set screw 29 gi'ay be provided for adjustment of the bearing Fixedly mounted on the arbor 53 is an outwardly extending arm 58 corresponding to the arm 38 of the opposite lever system. It is pivotally connected by a pivot pin 5| to a spring holder 59 having a bifurcated end 50.

A helical retention spring 52 corresponding to helical spring 42 is secured at one end to the spring holder 59 and at its opposite end to an adjustably secured spring holder 53. This spring holder 53, corresponding to spring holder 43 may be provided with a threaded portion54 extending into a female threaded opening 55 in the frame Thus, the restraining force of spring 52 may be varied and adjusted. A set screw 55 aaeaooa ter'connected, each having its own adjustable yieldable restraining means. The arbors 33 and 53 provide rocker shafts and any swingable movement of one of the weighted levers within the range of their movement is correspondingly transmitted to the opposite lever system operating in the opposite direction through the intermeshing gear segments 41 and 57. The levers will swing in overlapping relationship between the axes of arbors 33 and 53 within the housing Moreover, the weighted masses 30 and 53 may travel in an arcuate path in a relatively long arc and have freedom to move approximately equal amounts on either side of a plane through the axes of the arbors 33 and 53 which arbors form the pivots about which the lever arms 3| and 5E swing. Consequently, the undesirable effect of vibrations is minimized by reason of the long the weighted masses may swing in that part of their are of travel where the force due to acceleration being measured exerts the greatest moment about the pivots of the arbors 33 and 53 (see Fig. 3)

It will be noted that the moment tending to swing the levers on their respective axes will vary when the angle between the above-mentioned plane and the lever arms varies. This variation might be compensated for by a corresponding calibration of the scale on the dial of the instrument. However, in accordance with the invention, this variation may be compensated for in the'following manner.

The arms 38 and 58 extend substantially radially from the axes of their respective arbors 33 and 53 and at substantially right angles to the respective lever arms 3| and 5|. The springs 42 and 52 are pivoted to the arms 38 and 55 respectively and are anchored at their respective opposite ends to spring holders 43 and 53.

It will .be observed that, as the weighted levers swing about their axes in response to an accelerated movement of the device in the direction acceleration is being measured, the effective length of each of these lever arms 3| and 5| varies as the angle varies between each of these lever arms and a plane through the axes of arbors 33 and 53. Thus, the moment tendin to swing each weighted lever about its axis will vary as the angle varies. Simultaneously, the resisting force of the restraining springs 42 and 52 is also varied in the same proportion, since the effective length 'of each of the lever arms 35 and varies corresponding to the variation of the effective lengths of lever arms 3| and 5|. Thus, a scale of uniform graduations may be used to measure acceleration accurately since the variation of the effective lengths of the weighted lever arms has been, so to speak, subjected to mechanical compensation.

Secured to the arbor 33 is a segment gear 53 which meshes with a pinion 10 carried by a.

transmission mechanism, described more in detail hereinafter.

Pinion I5 is secured to an enlarged portion ll of a rotatable shaft 12, the outer end of which is provided with a pointer 13 adapted upon rotation of the shaft to traverse the scale 25 of the dial 25 (see Fig. 7). The inner end of the shaft 12 provides a journal 14 which may be provided with a slotted bushing or ring 15 preventing axial thrust between shaft II and a member 55 later to be described. A cross member 15 secured by screws II to lugs 13 extending inwardly from range of the mass movement and, furthermore,

face wall I2 of the frame II, provides a rigid spaced relation support for the journal I4 and the slotted ring I5.

A hub I9 is secured to the enlarged portion II of the shaft I2. It may have secured thereto a hair spring 80. The inner end of this hair spring may be secured to the hub I9 and the outer end may be secured to a stake 8I secured to the cross member 16. Thus, undesirable play or back lash of the-shaft I2 and pointer I3 may be eliminated when these parts are actuated.

lever to engage the spring 93 and release the end 95 from the ratchet teeth. Upon release of the knurled, knob I05 the pin I02 is disengaged There is also secured to the enlarged portion 'II of the shaft I2, a disc 82 carrying 'near its periphery a pin 83, the purpose of which is pointed out hereinafter.

Journaled in bearing 89 in the face wall I2 of the frame .II is a sleeve 85 concentric with shaft I2 and mounted to rotate about said shaft. The enlarged portions 89' and 81 of the shaft I2 provide bearing surfaces for theinnersurface of the sleeve 85. The outer end of this sleeve may be provided with a pointer 90 adapted, upon rotation of the sleeve, to traverse the scale 26 of the dial 25. This pointer 90, as is pointed out in further detail hereinafter, provides a maximum reading pointer or hand, while the pointer I3 provides a momentary reading pointer or hand.

Rotatably mounted on a hub 88 secured to or integral with the sleeve 85 is a floating arm 89 adapted to be rotated about the sleeve when disc 82 is rotated and the pin or nose 83 en gages the arm 89. 7

Also secured to the sleeve 85 is a disc 9| provided with ratchet teeth 92 at its periphery. A click member or pawl 93 (see Fig. 5) which may be a leaf spring is secured at one end to a bracket 94 on the'inner surface of the face wall I2 of the frame II. The opposite end 95 of this leaf spring or pawl is bent substantially at right angles to' the main portion thereof and is adapted to frictionally engage the ratchet teetlr 92 of the disc 9| to hold same in any position to which it has been moved by the normal operation of the instrument. The end 95 functions as a resilient member acting in a plane substantially at a right angle to the plane of the main portion of the spring pawl 93 and is adapted to eliminate any inching or stepping of the toothed wheel 9| which might be induced by vibration or shock of the instrument as distinct from normal movement thereof. The resilient spring pawl 93 is mounted so that normally the end 95 is urged against the ratchet teeth 92. However, a lever 96 pivotally secured as by a screw 91 to the frame II is adapted to engage the spring 93 and disengage the end 95 from the ratchet teeth 92-. A second spring 98 fixed at one end to bracket'94 and engaging the lever through a notch 99 normally urges the lever 96 away from the spring 93. This notch is struck out from a protruding shoulder I00 on the lever 96. The "opposite end of this'lever is also provided with a shoulder IOI extending outwardly therefrom. It is adapted to be engaged by a pin I02 extending from a shaft I03 joumaled in thewalls of a protruding portion I04 (see Fig. 6) of the housing or casing I0.

Shaft I03 is provided with a knurled hand knob I05 accessible at the outside of the housing. A spiral spring I06 normally urges the pin I02 away from the shoulder IOI of the lever 96. Upon rotation of the knob I05 to rotate the pin I02 in the direction of the shoulder I 0 I, the lever, upon engagement of the pin I02 and shoulder from the shoulder IOI and the lever returned to normal position allowing the spring 93 again to engage the ratchet disc 9|. Hence, the end 95 of spring 93 normally is in frictional engagement with the ratchet teeth 92.

Disc 9| is also provided with a pin I99 near its periphery which is adapted to be engaged by the floating arm 89 for a purpose described hereinafter "Means providing a snubblng action for the sleeve and maximum'reading pointer may comprise a hub H0 (see Fig. 7) of relatively large diameter which may be secured to or formed integral with a disc III which may have a smaller hub I I2 whereby it may be securely fixed to the sleeve 85. A hair spring II3 having its inner end fixed to inner hub II2 may extend through an'opening IId (see Fig. 8a) and thence spirally around the hub H0. The other or loop end II5 of the hair spring may be fixed to a stake II6 secured to the face wall I2 'of the frame I I as by a screw II'I. It will be apparent that the discs III and M will also serve as protecting walls to prevent snarling of the hair spring H3. The hair spring in addition to its arrangement for snubbing action also tends to prevent play and back-lash of the sleeve and pointer 90 when they are actuated.

The frame II is also provided with" a plurality of leaf springs, I20, I2I, I22, and I23. One end of each may be secured to the frame as by screws I28. The opposite ends of these springs may engage the inner surface of the cylindrical side wall I9 of the housing. These springs provide buffers or soft stops for the weigh-ts 30 and 50 when they are swung to maximum extent about their axes of rotation.

Another spring I25 may be mounted on the frame II to frictionally engage the arbor 33. This spring is useful in further eliminating undesirable play of thelever systems.

' The operation of the instrument when measuring the acceleration of a moving body is as follows: It may be assumed that the instrument is' given a movement in the direction of which acceleration is to be measured. The centers of gravity of the weighted levers 3| and 5| are away from their axes of rotation. By reason of the inertia of the masses, the levers are caused t swing in'overlapping relation about their axes of rotation. This causes a rotation in opposite directions of the arbors 33 and 53. The. rotation is transmitted in balanced relation through the intermeshing gear segments 41 and 61 By providing two corresponding lever systems, in accordance with the invention, forces in directions along axes other than that in which acceleration is to be measured are balanced out.

If the instrument is tilted from a horizontal plane, the action of gravity upon the weighted levers will be counteracted since the action is transmitted from one lever system to the other in opposite directions. Furthermore, by providing each lever system with its own adjustable The extent of rotation or swinging of the weights 38 and 58 about their axes is a function of the magnitude of rate of change of velocity in a given movement of the instrument. Accordingly, this rotation is transmitted by the arbor or rocker shaft 33 through the driving gear seg ment 88 to cause a corresponding rotation of the pinion 10.

The pinion 18 being secured to the main shaft 'l2-will cause a, corresponding rotation of the pointer 13. Since the lever systems, gear segment 68, pinion l8 and shaft 12 are in constant operatively connected engagement; the pointer I3 will constantlyindicate momentary changes of acceleration or deceleration in the direction of which rate of change of velocity is being measured. The quantitive measurement may be indicated on the uniformly graduated scale of thedial which is traversed by the pointer. In the instrument shown, the reading may be in 17 units. It will be observed that in the particular graduation of the scale of theinstrument shown, one revolution of the pointer 13 indicates nine as. It will be apparent that other graduations may be used and the instrument may be correspondinglycalibrated prior to use.

Hence, it will be seen that in a given movement of the instrument, rate of change of velocity may be read at any instant by observing the pointer 13. Since rate of change of velocity will effect a corresponding movement of the weights 38 and 58, there will be a corresponding relative movement of the pointer 13 over 'the scale 28.

Should it be desired to measure the maximum acceleration for any given movement of the instrument this may be accomplished with facility. When'the instrument is normally at rest, the pointers l3 and 88, the disc 82,'the ratchet disc 8|, the floating arm 88 and the hair spring 3 will be in the positions shown diagrammatically in Figs. 8 and 8a. If the instrument is given an accelerated movement the maximum of which is to be measured, the weighted levers are caused to swing as described in the foregoing. This will cause arbor- 33 to rock the segment 88 to rotate the pinion 18 which in turn causes a corresponding rotation of the shaft 12 and the driving disc 82 in a clockwise direction. Pin 88 on disc 82 will engage the floating arm 88 causing it to rotate or swing about its axis of rotation. The floating arm in turn will engage pin I88 of the ratchet disc 8| and cause this disc to be rotated in the same direction. Since the disc. 8| is secured to the sleeve 88, it will cause the pointer 88 to be rotated in the same direction.

Referring now more specifically to Fig. 9, showing diagrammatically that the instrument has been given an acceleration of ten gs. (One revolution of the pointer 13 indicates nine 's on this particular scale.) The momentary reading pointer 13 will have made a rotation as indicated by the arrow line a and the maximum reading pointer will have been given a corresponding r0- ;tation indicated by the arrow line b.

If the instrument is then brought to constant velocity the momentary reading pointer 13 Will return to zero on the scale 28 as indicated by when the instrument comes to constant velocity or to rest by reason of the action of the two retention springs 42 and 52.

- It will be observed that the pointer 13 and the disc 82 returning to zero position as indicated in Fig. 10 will not operate disc 8| since the floating arm is not engaged by pin 83 until disc 82 has travelled almost a complete revolution in a counterclockwise direction. In the meantime, pin I88 has not been moved although pin 83 has engaged arm 88 on the opposite side. Hence, pointer 88 is retained at its position of maximum acceleration and will remain there. This has been brought about by reasonof the hair spring 3 and the frictional engagement of the spring pawl 83 which temporarily holds the disc 8| from further rotation in either direction.

To reset the maximum reading pointer to zero; for example, when another maximum reading for a given movement of the instrument is to be made, the knurled knob I88 may be rotated to actuate lever 88 in turn to disengage the pawl 83 from the ratchet disc 8|. spring 3 which has in the meantime been at least partially wound up on the hub ill will cause the disc 8| to rotate and return it to normal zero position. The instrument and its parts will then again be in the position shown diagrammatically in Fig. 8.

In using and shipping instruments of the character comprehended by the invention, it often happens that they are subjected to abnormal forces or shocks and.to accelerations far exceeding the calibrated range of the instrument. It has sometimes been the practice to provide locking devices for the moving parts to protect the instrument when being shipped or when not in use. In accordance with the present invention, a snubbing arrangement is provided whereby an independent locking device is not necessary. Furthermore, this arrangement protects the delicate parts from damage, injury or breakage even though the instrument is given abnormal shocks and excessive acceleration Either when being shipped or handled or when use.

To illustrate this feature of the invention, it may be assumed that the instrument is subjected to an abnormal force such as being dropped. Such afall may impart an abnormal acceleration tending to rotate both the momentary reading indicator 13 and the maximumreading indicator 88 beyond the normal workable range of the instrument. According to the invention, however, when such acceleration is imparted to the instrument, the hair spring 8 will wind itself upon the hub H8. The hub H8 is so proportioned that a relatively big wind-up of the spring results from a relatively small rotation of the hub. It is so adjusted that the action of the maximum reading pointer will be gently but ef-- fectively snubbed, on say, one and one-half revolutions of the maximum reading pointer. Hence, the momentum of the rotating pointer will not carry the delicateparts beyond a predetermined limit and no shocks will be imparted to them to damage or break them as otherwise would be the result of subjecting the instrument to such abnormal forces.

Fig. 11 and Fig. 111; show diagrammatically the hair spring windup and snubbing eflect when the instrument is subjected to an abnormally great acceleration. It will be observed Thereupon the hair and a pawl member (see Fig. 1) On the other hand, pointer 90 and the hollow shaft 85 to which it is secured will ,tend to rotate further due to the momentum imparted to it by the shock of the excessive acceleration. The hair spring H3 and the ratchet disc 9! and pawl 93 provide some restraining force but not sufiicient to prevent a tendency to spin the pointer 90. However, by reason of the maximum windup of the hair spring H3 on the hub I ID the rotation of pointer 90 is effectively snubbed at a predetermined point as 'indicated in Figs. 11 and 11a. Thus, if the in-- strument is given an abnormally great acceleration, the delicate parts of the instruments will be protected from damage and breakage.

Referring now to Fig. 12 there is shown diagrammatically the position of the floating arm pointer 90 to zero position.

Referring now to Fig. 13 there is shown diagrammaticallywhat might be expected to happen but for the snubbing action of the hair spring H3. If the instrument weregiven an abnormal acceleration, the maximum reading pointer would be given a rotational movement tending to spin it by reason of the momentum imparted to it. The pin I08 of disc 9| would overtake the floating arm 89 which in turn would engage pin 83 'of disc 82 with a butting action. This undesirable action would result in breakage of or damage to the delicate parts of the instrument. In accordance with the invention, however, this undesirable result is eliminated.

Furthermore, the soft stops provided by the leaf springs |20,'|2l, l22-and I23, prevent the weights 30 and 50 of the lever systems from striking the casing wall I9 with abrupt shock when the levers are caused to swing to their limits of movement. Thus, additional protection is afiorded to the moving parts of the instrument. a

It will be seen from the foregoing description that the invention provides an instrument which will maintain its accuracy even after being subjected to abnormal forces. No independent locking devices are'n'ecessary to render the instrument inoperative for'protectionto the operative parts in shipping and handling.

Obviously the present invention is not restricted to the particular embodiments herein shown and described. but may be modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In an indicating instrument of the character described comprising, in combination, a first and instant value pointer; a second and maximum value pointer; a first shaft carrying said first pointer; a second shaft coaxial with said first shaft and carrying said second pointer; an actuating mechanism connected to id first shaft to actuate said shaft; a toothed d k on said second shaft, said disk carrying a first projection;

. a floating arm movable co-axially with'said disk and adapted to be engaged ononeside by said projection; a member carried by said first shaft said member having a second projection adapted to engage the other side of said floating arm; mounted to engage said toothed disk.

said disk and adapted to be engaged on one side by said first projection; a member carried by said first shaft, said member having a second projection adapted to engage the other side of said floating arm; a flat spring having a first portion extending substantially radially with respect to said disk and engaging the teeth of said disk and a, second portion extending at an angle to said first portion to provide resiliency for said first portion in a'radial direction, with respect'to said disk, said second portion being fixedly mounted; a hair spring connected to said second shaft to bias said shaft towards a zero position; and means for disengaging said fiat spring and said disk, whereby the second pointer will be returned to zero.

3. In an indicating instrument of the character described comprising, in combination, a first and instant value pointer; a, second and maximum value pointer; a first shaft carrying said first pointer; a second shaft coaxial with said first shaft and carrying said second pointer an actuating mechanism connected to said first shaft to actuate said shaft; a toothed disk on said second shaft said disk carrying a first projection; a floating ann movable co-axially with said disk and adapted to be engaged on one side by said first projection; a member carried by said first shaft, said member having a second projection adapted to engage the other side of said floating arm; a. pawl member mounted to engage said toothed disk; a hub member on said second shaft; and a hair spring having one end, secured to a fixed'poi'nt and having its other end connected to said second shaft, thehair spring being arranged to wind up on said hub member and snub the second member at the end of two full revolut ons, said hair spring berngtensioned to bias said second shaft towards a zero position.

4. In an indicating instrument, the combination of a first and instant value pointer; a second and maximum value pointer; a first shaft.

carrying said first pointer; a second shaft coaxial with said first shaft and carrying said second pointer; an actuating mechanism connected to said first shaft to'actuate said shaft;

a first member on said first shaft carrying a :first projection; a floating arm. movable coaxially with said first member and adapted to be engaged on one side by said first projection; a

v.second member on said second shaft carrying a second projection adapted toengage the other side of said floating arm; and means for holding said second shaft in a given rotary position.

5. In. an indicating instrument, the combination of a first and instant value pointer; a second and maximum value pointer; a first shaft [carrying said first pointer; a second shaft co-v her on said second shaft carrying a second projection adapted to engage the other side of said floating arm; a hair spring connected to said second shaft urging said second pointer towards a zero position; and releasable means for holding said second shaft in a given rotary position against the action of the hair spring.

6. An-indicating instrument comprising, in

combination, a maximum pointer; a shaft carry-- ing said pointer; a toothed disk mounted on said shaft; actuating means for rotating said shaft; a single piece fiat spring arranged in substantially the same plane as said disk, said spring having a first and free portion extending substantially radially with respect to said disk and 1 having its free end normally engaging the teeth 01' said disk and having resiliency in a direction tangential with respect to said disk and a second portion in a direction "radial with respect to said disk, the angle between said first and second portions providing for suincient resiliency of said spring to permit slight rotary movement of said disk under vibrations of the instrument without a resulting change in the indication; and means operative to disengage temporarily said first portion from engagement with said disk.

' PAUL KOLLSMAN. 

